Requirements for Investing in the Securities Market

Investing in equity shares requires opening 3 accounts.

  • Bank Account
  • Trading Account
  • Demat Account

A trading account, also known as a broking account, is needed with a SEBI-registered stock broker from a recognized stock exchange. This account is used to buy and sell securities on the stock exchanges. To open a trading account, you must complete an ACCOUNT OPENING FORM and submit signed Know Your Client (KYC) documents.

Precautions for filling out the account opening form

  • When indicating your trading preferences for different exchanges, remember to sign.
  • Make sure to take note of all the charges, fees, and brokerage applicable to your accounts
  • Choose the segments you want to trade in, such as cash, F&O, Currency Derivative, or others. Trading in derivatives requires understanding derivative products.
  • If you want to access additional facilities like a Running Account facility or the execution of a Power of Attorney, you must provide specific authorization to your stock broker. This helps prevent any potential disputes in the future.
  • keep a copy of the account opening form for your records

Know Your Client (KYC) Process

When you open a Demat, Trading, or Bank Account, you have to give Know Your Client (KYC) documents. Let’s see what KYC means and why it’s important.

KYC is required by the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 and the Rules made under it. When you open a Demat, Trading, or Bank account, you need to submit Officially Valid Documents (OVDs) as proof of identity and address. These documents are part of the KYC requirements. You can prove your identity and address with documents like PAN card, UIDAI-Aadhar, Passport, Voter ID card, or Driving license.

After you submit the KYC form, you’ll get a unique KYC Identification Number (KIN) through SMS or Email. KYC is a one-time process and it’s valid for all intermediaries. You don’t need to do KYC again when you open an account with another intermediary in the securities market.

E-KYC: Investors can finish the KYC process using the e-KYC facility with UIDAI-Aadhaar or DigiLocker.

  • Fill out the account opening form online on the stock broker’s website.
  • Submit scanned images of the mandatory documents/POA (Proof of address) /
    POI(Proof of Identity).
  • Complete IPV (In Person Verification) process over video call.
  • Sign the document Digitally
  • Account Will Be Activated

Basic Services Demat Account (BSDA)

A Basic Services Demat Account is for individuals who have only one demat account (across all depositories) and the value of their holdings doesn’t exceed Rs. 2 lakhs each for non-debt securities (like equities) and debt securities at any time.

The Annual Maintenance charges (AMC) structure for BSDA is as mentioned below:

Security TypeSlabsCharges
For Non-Debt SecuritiesUp to Rs. 50,000/-No AMC
For Non-Debt SecuritiesRs. 50,001 to Rs. 2,00,000/-Up to Rs. 100/-
For Debt SecuritiesUp to Rs. 1,00,000/-No AMC
For Debt SecuritiesRs. 1,00,001 to Rs. 2,00,000/-Up to Rs. 100/-

Please check SEBI’s website or the relevant depository’s website for the latest rules. When you have a bank account, a demat account, and a trading account together, it’s often called a “3-in-1” account. You can open these three accounts separately with different brokers or institutions, or you can choose a single broker or institution that offers all three accounts together. You can find the list of SEBI registered stock brokers and depository participants on SEBI’s official website (www.sebi.gov.in) or on the websites of the respective Stock Exchanges or depositories.

Power of Attorney

Power of Attorney (PoA) is a crucial document as it grants someone else the authority to manage your accounts and finances. In the securities market, you may grant PoA to your stock broker or depository participant to operate your demat and bank accounts for share transactions and fund transfers. However, signing a PoA is optional according to SEBI guidelines. If you find it beneficial, you can sign it, and you have the right to revoke it at any time.

If your stock broker transfers shares in your account without authorization, you should immediately raise the issue with them. If you are not satisfied with their response, you can escalate the matter to the Depository/Exchange.

If you decide to execute a PoA in favor of your stock broker or depository participant, refer to the guidelines provided by SEBI, Stock Exchanges, or Depositories on their official websites.

Nomination

Nomination is a feature that allows an individual investor to appoint someone who can claim the securities held in their demat accounts or the redemption proceeds of mutual fund units in the event of the investor’s death.